不定式短语:语法指南:动词不定式短语讲解 2024-09-11 04:00:44 0 0 1.动词不定式短语的结构: 动词不定式短语的主干是由 to + 动词原形构成,动词不定式短语内部的动词可以跟自己的宾语、状语、表语等成分。动词不定式短语整体上在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 2.动词不定式短语在句子中的作用 (1)动词不定式短语做主语: To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 It's my pleasure to help you. 帮助你是我的乐趣。 动词不定式做主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 (2)动词不定式短语作宾语: I like to help others as much as possible. 如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。 动词不定式短语作宾语补语:表示不定式的动作是由宾语发出。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。 (3)动词+宾语+不带to的不定式作宾语补足语:感官动词:see, watch, notice, look at,hear;使役动词:make, let, have(使得),help(可带to, 也可不带to) The teacher has his students write a composition every other week. 老师让同学们每隔一周写一篇作文。 Many things【make people think artists are weird】. 很多事情使人们觉得艺术家们很奇怪。 (5)动词不定式短语作表语: The most urgent thing is to take legal measures immediately.当务之急是马上采取法律措施。 (6)动词不定式短语作定语: There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。 (7)动词不定式短语作状语:经常表示目的。 We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师。 She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 她在做试验,以从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。 3.动词不定式主干的否定形式: (1)not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。 (2)带疑问词的动词不定式短语: 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why 以及whether可以加在动词不定式短语的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。整体上相当于一个名词短语。 Where to go is not known yet. 去什么地方还不知道。 I don't know when to begin. 我不知道什么时间开始。 (3)带逻辑主语的动词不定式短语: 为了特别说明动词不定式短语动作的发出者,动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是: for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。 注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式, for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。 It's necessary for us to help each other. 我们互相帮忙是必要的。 There is much work for me to finish, 有许多工作要我去完成。 4.动词不定式短语的时态: (1)动词不定式短语一般时态:表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在之后发生。 I helped him to put the things into the car. 我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。 I want to see you again. 我想再见到你。 (2)动词不定式短语的完成时:表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。 They seem to have known the answers. 他们好像知道了答案。 They are said to have been paid for telling their stories. 据说他们因为讲故事已经拿到了钱。 (3)动词不定式进行时:表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,强调动作正在进行。 They seem to be working hard. 他们好像在努力工作。 (4)动词不定式的被动形式:表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。 There is much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。 收藏(0)